Políticas estaduais de gestão hídrica : Estudo das aproximações e da individualização do arcabouço legal dos estados brasileiros em relação à Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos

Abstract

The National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) and the State Water Resources Policies (PERH) aim to ensure the sustainable use of water by balancing social, economic, and environmental demands within their respective jurisdictions. This study starts from the observation that, following the publication of the PNRH, there was a significant increase in the number of states implementing their PERH, highlighting the PNRH's role in promoting decentralized water management at the state level. This research assumes that the legal framework presents both similarities and particularities between the PNRH and the PERH. The study aimed to analyze these similarities and differences between the PERH and the PNRH. Methodologically, the research was divided into three phases: (1) literature review, (2) mapping of state legislation, and (3) exploratory data analysis. The analysis used categories of alignment and differentiation. The alignment categories assessed the adherence of PERH to the principles, instruments, and guidelines of the PNRH, while the differentiation categories examined unique aspects of the PERH, such as groundwater management, sustainable development, environmental education, and social participation. Results indicate that the PNRH served as a reference for the development of the PERH, as evidenced by the general alignment of their principles, foundations, and objectives. The findings also reaffirm that the effectiveness of water resource policies in Brazil will only be achieved through full implementation, integrating different levels of government and adapting to state-specific contexts. This study highlights the importance of synchronization between federal and state legislation to ensure efficient water management, considering the country’s complexity and diversity. In conclusion, the research reveals that the PERH have evolved based on the PNRH but present significant variations reflecting local realities. These variations emphasize that effective water management requires greater integration between federal and state policies while preserving the autonomy of state policies, as this autonomy allows adaptation to regional and local specificities.